Like many people, I’ve been trying to get a hold of this Somali piracy issue. When this first got media attention, a few months ago, Somali pirates intercepted a Saudi tanker full of oil and demanded money. While much of what I read portrayed them as senseless money grubbing militants, some fell back on a more “Robin Hood” scenario. There is a really good BBC article that attempts to explain piracy as a symptom of a bigger problem.
One aspect of many that has just come to light that could be driving the piracy is the issue of toxic waste.
Somali pirates have accused European firms of dumping toxic waste off the Somali coast and are demanding an $8m ransom for the return of a Ukranian ship they captured, saying the money will go towards cleaning up the waste.
The ransom demand is a means of “reacting to the toxic waste that has been continually dumped on the shores of our country for nearly 20 years”, Januna Ali Jama, a spokesman for the pirates, based in the semi-autonomous region of Puntland, said.
“The Somali coastline has been destroyed, and we believe this money is nothing compared to the devastation that we have seen on the seas.”
Allegations of the dumping of toxic waste, as well as illegal fishing, have circulated since the early 1990s.
But evidence of such practices literally appeared on the beaches of northern Somalia when the tsunami of 2004 hit the country.
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) reported the tsunami had washed up rusting containers of toxic waste on the shores of Puntland.
Nick Nuttall, a UNEP spokesman, told Al Jazeera that when the barrels were smashed open by the force of the waves, the containers exposed a “frightening activity” that has been going on for more than decade.
“Somalia has been used as a dumping ground for hazardous waste starting in the early 1990s, and continuing through the civil war there,” he said.
“European companies found it to be very cheap to get rid of the waste, costing as little as $2.50 a tonne, where waste disposal costs in Europe are something like $1000 a tonne.
“And the waste is many different kinds. There is uranium radioactive waste. There is lead, and heavy metals like cadmium and mercury. There is also industrial waste, and there are hospital wastes, chemical wastes – you name it.”
I read a response from a freelance journalist who writes about African issues from a western point of view. In response to all this, he says, “Somalia is largely run by thugs and gangsters out to make a fast buck and that any claims to be striking a blow for Somalia sovereignty are largely bogus.”
It’s hard to tell who or what to believe, but we do know that successful pirate raids can yeild up to $10,000 or more each and evidence of this kind of financial gain is not evident in any of the photos of pirate towns I’ve seen. Evidence of toxic waste on Somali beaches, on the other hand, is very clear. Maybe these “thugs and gangsters” are giving the money away to fund the ongoing civil war, but I don’t see how that would be in their best interest. Because these towns are on the beach, among the toxic waste, I can however see how it would be in their interest to try to clean it up and try to hold the dumpers accountable.
Maybe I’m just being naive here, but when people risk their lives, they usually do so with good reason. And to brush it all off as the work of militants, thugs, and gangsters is to deny the complexity of the issue.
BBC said, “as long as a state with grinding poverty, hunger, no law enforcement and no effective government sits beside a rich trading route piracy will continue.”
Piracy is illegal, it is dangerous, and their actions have indeed hurt people, but it is clearly a desperate response to a desperate situation. And it won’t stop unless these underlying issues are addressed first.